Research Article

STEM education in early primary years: Teachers’ views and confidence

Kleopatra Nikolopoulou 1 * , Ioannis Tsimperidis 2
More Detail
1 Department of Early Childhood Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GREECE2 Computer Science Department, International Hellenic University, Kavala, GREECE* Corresponding Author
Journal of Digital Educational Technology, 3(1), 2023, ep2302, https://doi.org/10.30935/jdet/12971
Published: 20 February 2023
OPEN ACCESS   1758 Views   2024 Downloads
Download Full Text (PDF)

ABSTRACT

Pre-school and first years of primary school provide the basis for future learning in STEM, and teachers’ views-confidence are important for effective classroom practices. This study investigated teachers’ views and confidence in implementing STEM education in early primary years. The participants were 140 Greek teachers who completed an online 35-item questionnaire. Teachers expressed positive-strong perceptions and confidence in implementing STEM education in early primary years. Over 80% of the sample expressed agreement in that they feel comfortable-confident when they facilitate inquiry-based learning activities within mathematics or science topics. The practical obstacles of resources-material and time to explore STEM topics and implement learning activities were reported. The findings have implications for educational policy and practice.

CITATION (APA)

Nikolopoulou, K., & Tsimperidis, I. (2023). STEM education in early primary years: Teachers’ views and confidence. Journal of Digital Educational Technology, 3(1), ep2302. https://doi.org/10.30935/jdet/12971

REFERENCES

  1. Albahar, M., & Alammari, A. (2022). STEAM education in Saudi Arabia: Early childhood teachers’ perceptions. International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 13(5), 1-10.
  2. Alghamdi, A. A. (2022). Exploring early childhood teachers’ beliefs about STEAM education in Saudi Arabia. Early Childhood Education Journal, 51, 247-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-021-01303-0
  3. Ampartzaki, M., Kalogiannakis, M., Papadakis, S., & Giannakou, V. (2022). Perceptions about STEM and the arts: Teachers’, parents’ professionals’ and artists’ understandings about the role of arts in STEM education. In S. Papadakis, & M. Kalogiannakis (Εds.), STEM, robotics, mobile apps in early childhood and primary education (pp. 601-624) Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0568-1_25
  4. Bagiati, A., Yoon, S. Y., Evangelou, D., Magana, A., Kaloustian, G., & Zhu, J. (2015). The landscape of PreK-12 engineering online resources for teachers: Global trends. International Journal of STEM Education, 2, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-014-0015-3
  5. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. A social cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall.
  6. Campbell, C., Bäckman, K., Eeckhout, T., Speldewinde, C., Johansson, A. M., & Arnqvist, A. (2022). Sweden, Australia, and Belgium: STEM comparisons in early childhood. In S. D. Tunnicliffe, & T. J. Kennedy (Eds.), Play and STEM education in the early years (pp. 201-217). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99830-1_10
  7. Campbell, C., Speldewinde, C., Howitt, C., & MacDonald, A. (2018). STEM practice in the early years. Creative Education, 9(1), 11-25. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2018.91002
  8. Chen, Y.-L., Huang, L.-F., & Wu, P.-C. (2021). Preservice pre-school teachers’ self-efficacy in and need for STEM education professional development: STEM pedagogical belief as a mediator. Early Childhood Education Journal, 49, 137-147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-020-01055-3
  9. Clements, D. H., Vinh, M., Lim, C.-I., & Sarama, J. (2021). STEM for inclusive excellence and equity. Early Education and Development, 32(1), 148-171. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2020.1755776
  10. Fridberg, M., Redfors, A., Greca, I. M., & Terceño, E. M. G. (2022). Spanish and Swedish teachers’ perspective of teaching STEM and robotics in pre-school–results from the botSTEM project. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 33, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-021-09717-y
  11. Gialamas, V., & Nikolopoulou, K. (2010). In-service and pre-service early childhood teachers’ views and intentions about ICT use in early childhood settings: A comparative study. Computers and Education, 55(1), 333-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.01.019
  12. Gozum, A. I. C., Papadakis, S., & Kalogiannakis, M. (2022). Pre-school teachers’ STEM pedagogical content knowledge: A comparative study of teachers in Greece and Turkey. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 996338. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.996338
  13. Greca Dufranc, I. M., Terceño, G. E. M., Fridberg, M., Cronquist, B., & Redfors, A. (2020). Robotics and early-years STEM education: The botSTEM framework and activities. European Journal of STEM Education, 5(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/7948
  14. Irwanto, I., Saputro, A. D., Widiyanti, Ramadhan, M. F., & Lukman, I. R. (2022). Research trends in STEM education from 2011 to 2020: A systematic review of publications in selected journals. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 16(05), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i05.27003
  15. Ješková, Z., Lukáč, S., Šnajder, Ľ., Guniš, J., Klein, D., & Kireš, M. (2022). Active learning in STEM education with regard to the development of inquiry skills. Education Sciences, 12(10), 686. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12100686
  16. Kalogiannakis, M., & Papadakis, S. (2020). The use of developmentally mobile applications for preparing pre-service teachers to promote STEM activities in pre-school classrooms. In S. Papadakis, & M. Kalogiannakis (Eds.), Mobile learning applications in early childhood education (pp. 82-100). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1486-3.ch005
  17. Lange, A. A., Nayfeld, I., Mano, H., & Jung, K. (2022). Experimental effects of a pre-school STEM professional learning model on educators’ attitudes, beliefs, confidence, and knowledge. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 43(4), 509-539. https://doi.org/10.1080/10901027.2021.1911891
  18. Larkin, K., & Lowrie, T. (2022). Early childhood educators and STEM education. In STEM Education in the early years (pp. 85-103). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2810-9_5
  19. Li, H., Forbes, A., & Yang, W. (2021). Developing culturally and developmentally appropriate early STEM learning experiences. Early Education and Development, 32(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2020.1833674
  20. MacDonald, A., & Huser, C. (2020). Making STEM visible in early childhood curriculum frameworks. In A. MacDonald, L. Danaia, & S. Murphy (Eds.), STEM education across the learning continuum (pp. 87-112), Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2821-7_6
  21. MacDonald, A., Danaia, L., Sikder, S., & Huser, C. (2021). Early childhood educators’ beliefs and confidence regarding STEM education. International Journal of Early Childhood, 53, 241-259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13158-021-00295-7
  22. MacDonald, A., Huser, C., Sikder, S., & Danaia, L. (2020). Effective early childhood STEM education: Findings from the little scientists evaluation. Early Childhood Education Journal, 48, 353-363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-019-01004-9
  23. Margot, K. C., & Kettler, T. (2019). Teachers’ perception of STEM integration and education: A systematic literature review. International Journal of STEM Education, 6, 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-018-0151-2
  24. McClure, E. R., Guernsey, L., Clements, D. H., Bales, S. N., Nichols, J., Kendall-Taylor, N., & Levine, M. H. (2017). STEM starts early: Grounding science, technology, engineering, and math education in early childhood. The Joan Ganz Cooney Center at Sesame Workshop.
  25. Nikolopoulou, K. (2022a). STEM activities for children aged 4-7 years: Teachers’ practices and views. International Journal of Early Years Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2022.2128994
  26. Nikolopoulou, K. (2022b). Digital technology in early STEM education: Exploring its supportive role. In S. Papadakis, & M. Kalogiannakis (Eds.), STEM, robotics, mobile apps in early childhood and primary education. (pp. 103-115). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0568-1_6
  27. Nikolopoulou, K., & Gialamas, V. (2015). ICT and play in pre-school: Early childhood teachers’ beliefs and confidence. International Journal of Early Years Education, 23(4), 409-425. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2015.1078727
  28. Papadakis, S. (2020). Evaluating a teaching intervention for teaching STEM and programming concepts through the creation of a weather-forecast app for smart mobile devices. In M. Kalogiannakis, & S. Papadakis (Eds.), Handbook of research on tools for teaching computational thinking in P-12 education (pp. 31-53). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4576-8.ch002
  29. Papadakis, S., & Kalogiannakis, M. (2020). Learning computational thinking development in young children with bee-bot educational robotics. In M. Kalogiannakis, & S. Papadakis (Eds.), Handbook of research on tools for teaching computational thinking in P-12 education. IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4576-8.ch011
  30. Papadakis, S., & Kalogiannakis, M. (2022). (Eds.) STEM, robotics, mobile apps in early childhood and primary education–Technology to promote teaching and learning. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0568-1
  31. Papadakis, S., Kalogiannakis, M., Gozum, A. I. C. (2022). STEM, STEAM, computational thinking, and coding: Evidence-based research and practice in children’s development. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1110476
  32. Papadakis, S., Vaiopoulou, J., Sifaki, E., Stamovlasis, D., & Kalogiannakis, M. (2021). Attitudes towards the use of educational robotics: Exploring pre-service and in-service early childhood teacher profiles. Education Sciences, 11(5), 204. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11050204
  33. Park, M.-H., Dimitrov, D. M., Patterson, L. G., & Park, D.-Y. (2017). Early childhood teachers’ beliefs about readiness for teaching science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 15(3), 275-291. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718X15614040
  34. Tao, Y. (2019). Kindergarten teachers’ attitudes toward and confidence for integrated STEM education. Journal for STEM Education Research, 2, 154-171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41979-019-00017-8
  35. Tzagaraki, E., Papadakis, S., & Kalogiannakis, M. (2022). Teachers’ attitudes on the use of educational robotics in primary school. In S. Papadakis, & M. Kalogiannakis (Eds.), STEM, robotics, mobile apps in early childhood and primary education. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0568-1_13
  36. Ultay, N., & Ultay, E. (2020). A comparative investigation of the views of pre-school teachers and teacher candidates about STEM. Journal of Science Learning, 3(2), 67-78. https://doi.org/10.17509/jsl.v3i2.20796
  37. Voicu, C. D., Ampartzaki, M., Dogan, Z. Y., & Kalogiannakis, M. (2022). STEAM implementation in pre-school and primary school education: Experiences from six countries. In M. Ampartzaki, & M. Kalogiannakis (Eds.), Early childhood education-Innovative pedagogical approaches in the post-modern era. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107886
  38. Wan, Z.-H., Jiang, Y., & Zhan, Y. (2021). STEM education in early childhood: A review of empirical studies. Early Education and Development, 32(7), 940-962. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2020.1814986
  39. Yang, W., Wu, R., & Li, J. (2021). Development and validation of the STEM teaching self-efficacy scale (STSS) for early childhood teachers. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02074-y
  40. Yelland, N., & Waghorn, E. (2020). STEM learning ecologies: Collaborative pedagogies for supporting transitions to school. International Journal of Early Years Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2020.1863193
  41. Yildirim, B. (2020). Pre-school STEM activities: Pre-school teachers’ preparation and views. Early Childhood Education Journal, 49(2), 149-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-020-01056-2.
  42. Yong-yi, C. (2022). A literature review of advancing early STEM education in the GBA. Journal of Literature and Art Studies, 12(6), 691-697. https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5836/2022.06.016